4 Conceptual Issues

Introduction: “What is AI? What Is A? What Is I?” — Ron Chrisley

4.1 Characterizations of Artificial Intelligence

John Haugeland (1985) — Introduction to Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea

Roger C. Schank (1990) — What Is AI Anyway?

Lucy A. Suchman and Randall H. Trigg (1997) — Artificial Intelligence as Craftwork

Philip Agre (1997) — The Soul Gained and Lost: Artificial Intelligence as a Philosophical Project

4.2 The Nature of the Artificial

Herbert A. Simon (1969) — Understanding the Natural and the Artificial World

4.3 Intelligence and the Turing Test

Ulric Neisser et al. (1996) — Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns

Ned Block (1981) — Psychologism and Behaviorism

Blay Whitby (1996) — The Turing Test: AI’s Biggest Blind Alley?

5 Broader Context

Introduction: “The Concept of Artificial Intelligence in a Wider Perspective” — Sander Begeer

5.1 Artificial Mentality

William Bechtel (1994) — Consciousness: Perspectives from Symbolic and Connectionist AI

Ian P. Wright, Aaron Sloman, and Luc Beaudoin (1996) — Towards a Design-Based Analysis of Emotional Episodes

Margaret A. Boden (1998) — Creativity and Artificial Intelligence

5.2 Ethics

Steve Torrance (1986) — Ethics, Mind and Artifice

M. R. LaChat (1986) — Artificial Intelligence and Ethics: An Exercise in the Moral Imagination

5.3 Social Issues

Paul Armer (1962) — Attitudes Toward Intelligent Machines

Robert Laufer (1992) — The Social Acceptability of AI Systems: Legitimacy, Epistemology and Marketing

Steve Woolgar (1985) — Why Not a Sociology of Machines? The Case of Sociology and Artificial Intelligence

Alison Adam (1998) — The Knowing Subject in AI

J. David Bolter (1984) — Artificial Intelligence